Ghana

Specification

Three equal horizontal bands run across the field, red above gold (yellow), then green. The upright black star lies on the vertical midline; its top point meets the red band and its two lowest points meet the green band. The 2:3 ratio and edge-touching star follow the Album des pavillons description reported by Flags of the World. [3]

Legal description and evidence limits

The historical 1960 Constitution, as amended, describes equal red, white, and green stripes and a black star in the white stripe. That superseded text must not be used as the specification for today’s gold-centered flag. [4] The current design is confirmed by Ghana’s Permanent Mission to the United Nations. No current legal instrument fixing its complete construction or physical color tolerances was verified in this review. [1]

Specimen colors

These values are read from the SVG, including its default black fill. They are screen approximations, not government textile, dye, Pantone, or RAL specifications. [6]

Construction notes

The inspected vector uses a 900 × 600 field. Overlapping paths leave three visible 200-unit bands. The star’s top is (450, 200); its lower tips are (385.02, 400) and (514.98, 400). Its lateral tips are approximately (344.85, 276.39) and (555.15, 276.39). These are rounded artwork coordinates, not official production dimensions. The self-intersecting path uses the default nonzero fill to give a solid star. [6]

Preserve the star’s full band-height span when scaling. “Centered” should not be interpreted as placing the star’s circumcenter at the geometric center of the flag: the upright star is fitted between the two band boundaries. The specimen matches the reference description; it is not a certified manufacturing master. [3]

Historical record

Flags of the World dates the first official hoisting to 6 March 1957 and identifies the white-centered replacement with 1964–1966. [3] Ghana Immigration Service credits Theodosia Salome Okoh with the design. [2] Both government accounts consulted confirm restoration in 1966. [1] [2]

Chronology caution

The Mission says the initial flag was flown until 1962; Immigration Service says until 1959. These summaries conflict with each other and with the 1964 replacement chronology. The amended constitutional text documents a white middle stripe, while GhaLII warns that its 31 December 1964 commencement date for Act 224 is a placeholder. This entry therefore records 1966 as the restoration year without assigning an unverified legal commencement day. [1] [2] [4] [5]

Symbols

Immigration Service associates red with lives lost in the independence struggle, gold with mineral resources, green with forests and natural wealth, and the black star with African unity and emancipation. These are government-published interpretations. [2]

Usage

The specimen represents Ghana’s national flag in its current form, as presented by the country’s Permanent Mission. [1] The white-centered historical version is a different period design and is not an alternative current specimen.

Source trail

1. Ghana Permanent Mission to the United Nations: Ghana Flag & Coat of Arms ↗ — current identity, design, restoration year, and conflicting early chronology.
2. Ghana Immigration Service: Facts About Ghana, page 1 ↗ — designer, symbolism, and a differing early chronology.
3. Flags of the World: Ghana ↗ — hoisting date, historical period, 2:3 ratio, and report of the Album 2000 star construction.
4. GhaLII: 1960 Constitution, amended text ↗ — historical white-stripe description; not current design authority.
5. GhaLII: Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1964, Act 224 ↗ — amendment record and explicit commencement-date caveat.
6. Commons: SVG code, contributors, and rights ↗; local specimen provenance ↗.

Sources checked 6 September 2026. Related records: Kenya and Nigeria. Browse national flags or the Flag Index.